History of the Briard Breed
Considered to be a very old French working breed, the Briard can be traced back to tapestries of the 8th century. It was first referenced in written records in the 12th century, and accurate descriptions can be found in writings from the 14th and 16th centuries. Some claim that the early versions of this breed were called "chien berger de Brie" - meaning "shepherd dog of Brie." This led to the belief that the dogs origin began in the province of Brie. Yet others believe the name is derived from "chien d'Aubry," which refers to the dog kept by Aubry de Montdidier - the dog that apparently saved his son's life. In any respect, it is said that the name "Briard" wasn't adopted until 1809. It is believed that this large French sheepdog was used to protect sheep from wolves as well as poachers. But the French Revolution brought about a change for this hard-working dog, which included more peaceful duties such as herding the flocks and guarding the farmer's property. Not only has this breed served as a sheepdog, it was also successful as a tracking dog, a hunting dog, and a war dog. Legend has it that the Briard was especially good at leading soldiers to the wounded on the battlefield. It is believed that the Marquis de Lafayette is the one who first introduced the Briard to the United States. But Thomas Jefferson claimed in his writings that he brought these dogs to America around the same time. Barbara Danielson, a breeder from Groton, Massachusetts, registered the first litter of Briards with the AKC in 1922. While this breed enjoys modest popularity in the United States, it is most popular in its native country of France.
Size and Appearance of the Briard Breed
Slightly longer than it is tall, the Briard is a squarely-proportioned and powerful dog. The shoulders of this breed are long and sloping, while the front legs have strong bone and powerful muscles. The hindquarters are flexible yet powerful, providing nearly tireless movement. The slightly oval feet feature compact, well-arched toes; thick, well-developed pads; and hard nails. Sculptured with clean lines, the head of the Briard has large, dark eyes that offer a curious yet confident expression. The ears are made of thick leather covered with hair, and they may be cropped or left natural. The wide muzzle features a mustache and beard, and the black, square nose has well-opened nostrils. The teeth meet in a strong scissors bite. The long neck is muscular and strong, and the tail is well-feathered and carried low. When the dog is on the move, the tail is carried higher with a curve. The supple gait of the Briard allows it to make sharp turns, sudden stops, and quick, springing starts. The double coat of this breed has a coarse, hard outer coat and a fine, tight undercoat. The slightly wavy outer coat lies flat, and the hair found on the shoulders is usually six inches or longer. The head is also covered with flat-lying hair, and it forms a natural part in the center. The eyebrows arch up and out to lightly cover the eyes. The coat of the Briard comes in a variety of solid colors including black, gray, and tawny.
Briard Temperament
The Briard is a dog with a reputation for being devoted and faithful to its family, and it can be a protective, yet loving, companion. While it is independent, it likes to try to please its owner. This breed can be reserved with strangers and tends to be aggressive with other dogs. Training of the Briard presents some challenges, and sometimes this dog can be found in shelters because owners don't realize what might be involved in its upbringing. Without proper training, the Briard can be very stubborn, fearful, and even unfriendly. Socialization should begin at a very early age, especially if there are children in the family. This breed does not tolerate teasing. Raised properly, the Briard can be a very good-natured pet, although it attempts to herd people by nipping at their heels. Effective training should be not only firm and consistent, but patient and loving. The Briard also has very good hearing, a great memory, and is very intelligent.
Briard Recommended Maintenance
Effective grooming of the Briard's coarse coat normally takes at least two hours a week. The coat will become matted without regular grooming, and brushing or combing is suggested at least every other day to keep it looking its best. However, dirt and water are easily expelled from the coat due to its texture, and it sheds very little if well-groomed. Also be sure to pay attention to the inside of the ears by keeping them clean and removing any excessive hair. The hair between the pads of the feet should also be trimmed on a regular basis. This breed is considered to be moderately active while indoors, so it can live in an apartment setting if an average-sized, fenced-in yard is provided. The Briard should never be placed in a kennel, as it does not do well in cramped environments. Daily exercise can consist of swimming or running, and this breed enjoys trotting alongside a bicycle.
Briard Health
Life span: 10 - 12 years
Major concerns: gastric torsion, CHD
Minor concerns: nightblindness
Occasionally seen: PRA, heart problems
Suggested tests: hip, eye, (cardiac)
